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1 medical laboratory
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > medical laboratory
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2 научно-исследовательская медицинская лаборатория
Military: medical general laboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > научно-исследовательская медицинская лаборатория
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3 полевая медицинская техническая лаборатория
Military: general medical service laboratoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > полевая медицинская техническая лаборатория
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4 The Department of Foren
General subject: DFS (nationally accredited forensic laboratory system serving all state and local law enforcement agencies, medical examiners, and Commonwealth's Attorneys in Virginia (http://www.dfs.virginia.gov))Универсальный русско-английский словарь > The Department of Foren
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5 Лаборатория ветеринарной биохимии
General subject: Laboratory for Medical Veterinary Chemistry (Нидерланды)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Лаборатория ветеринарной биохимии
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6 МАМТЛ
General subject: International Association of Medical Laboratory Technologists -
7 Международная ассоциация медицинских техников-лаборантов
General subject: International Association of Medical Laboratory TechnologistsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Международная ассоциация медицинских техников-лаборантов
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8 Фельдшер-лаборант
General subject: Medical Laboratory Assistant -
9 лаборатория НИОКР в области медицинского оборудования
General subject: Medical Equipment Research and Development Laboratory (США)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > лаборатория НИОКР в области медицинского оборудования
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10 лаборатория космической медицины
General subject: Aerospace Medical Laboratory (США)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > лаборатория космической медицины
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11 фельдшер-лаборант
General subject: Medical Laboratory Assistant -
12 Coolidge, William David
[br]b. 23 October 1873 Hudson, Massachusetts, USAd. 3 February 1975 New York, USA[br]American physicist and metallurgist who invented a method of producing ductile tungsten wire for electric lamps.[br]Coolidge obtained his BS from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1896, and his PhD (physics) from the University of Leipzig in 1899. He was appointed Assistant Professor of Physics at MIT in 1904, and in 1905 he joined the staff of the General Electric Company's research laboratory at Schenectady. In 1905 Schenectady was trying to make tungsten-filament lamps to counter the competition of the tantalum-filament lamps then being produced by their German rival Siemens. The first tungsten lamps made by Just and Hanaman in Vienna in 1904 had been too fragile for general use. Coolidge and his life-long collaborator, Colin G. Fink, succeeded in 1910 by hot-working directly dense sintered tungsten compacts into wire. This success was the result of a flash of insight by Coolidge, who first perceived that fully recrystallized tungsten wire was always brittle and that only partially work-hardened wire retained a measure of ductility. This grasped, a process was developed which induced ductility into the wire by hot-working at temperatures below those required for full recrystallization, so that an elongated fibrous grain structure was progressively developed. Sintered tungsten ingots were swaged to bar at temperatures around 1,500°C and at the end of the process ductile tungsten filament wire was drawn through diamond dies around 550°C. This process allowed General Electric to dominate the world lamp market. Tungsten lamps consumed only one-third the energy of carbon lamps, and for the first time the cost of electric lighting was reduced to that of gas. Between 1911 and 1914, manufacturing licences for the General Electric patents had been granted for most of the developed work. The validity of the General Electric monopoly was bitterly contested, though in all the litigation that followed, Coolidge's fibering principle was upheld. Commercial arrangements between General Electric and European producers such as Siemens led to the name "Osram" being commonly applied to any lamp with a drawn tungsten filament. In 1910 Coolidge patented the use of thoria as a particular additive that greatly improved the high-temperature strength of tungsten filaments. From this development sprang the technique of "dispersion strengthening", still being widely used in the development of high-temperature alloys in the 1990s. In 1913 Coolidge introduced the first controllable hot-cathode X-ray tube, which had a tungsten target and operated in vacuo rather than in a gaseous atmosphere. With this equipment, medical radiography could for the first time be safely practised on a routine basis. During the First World War, Coolidge developed portable X-ray units for use in field hospitals, and between the First and Second World Wars he introduced between 1 and 2 million X-ray machines for cancer treatment and for industrial radiography. He became Director of the Schenectady laboratory in 1932, and from 1940 until 1944 he was Vice-President and Director of Research. After retirement he was retained as an X-ray consultant, and in this capacity he attended the Bikini atom bomb trials in 1946. Throughout the Second World War he was a member of the National Defence Research Committee.[br]Bibliography1965, "The development of ductile tungsten", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgy Society Conference, Vol. 27, ed. Cyril Stanley Smith, Gordon and Breach, pp. 443–9.Further ReadingD.J.Jones and A.Prince, 1985, "Tungsten and high density alloys", Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society 19(1):72–84.ASDBiographical history of technology > Coolidge, William David
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13 Randall, Sir John Turton
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 23 March 1905 Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, Englandd. 16 June 1984 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]English physicist and biophysicist, primarily known for the development, with Boot of the cavity magnetron.[br]Following secondary education at Ashton-inMakerfield Grammar School, Randall entered Manchester University to read physics, gaining a first class BSc in 1925 and his MSc in 1926. From 1926 to 1937 he was a research physicist at the General Electric Company (GEC) laboratories, where he worked on luminescent powders, following which he became Warren Research Fellow of the Royal Society at Birmingham University, studying electronic processes in luminescent solids. With the outbreak of the Second World War he became an honorary member of the university staff and transferred to a group working on the development of centrimetric radar. With Boot he was responsible for the development of the cavity magnetron, which had a major impact on the development of radar.When Birmingham resumed its atomic research programme in 1943, Randall became a temporary lecturer at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. The following year he was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of St Andrews, but in 1946 he moved again to the Wheatstone Chair of Physics at King's College, London. There his developing interest in biophysical research led to the setting up of a multi-disciplinary group in 1951 to study connective tissues and other biological components, and in 1950– 5 he was joint Editor of Progress in Biophysics. From 1961 until his retirement in 1970 he was Professor of Biophysics at King's College and for most of that time he was also Chairman of the School of Biological Sciences. In addition, for many years he was honorary Director of the Medical Research Council Biophysics Research Unit.After he retired he returned to Edinburgh and continued to study biological problems in the university zoology laboratory.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1962. FRS 1946. FRS Edinburgh 1972. DSc Manchester 1938. Royal Society of Arts Thomas Gray Memorial Prize 1943. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1946. Franklin Institute John Price Wetherill Medal 1958. City of Pennsylvania John Scott Award 1959. (All jointly with Boot for the cavity magnetron.)Bibliography1934, Diffraction of X-Rays by Amorphous Solids, Liquids \& Gases (describes his early work).1953, editor, Nature \& Structure of Collagen.1976, with H.Boot, "Historical notes on the cavity magnetron", Transactions of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ED-23: 724 (gives an account of the cavity-magnetron development at Birmingham).Further ReadingM.H.F.Wilkins, "John Turton Randall"—Bio-graphical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, London: Royal Society.KFBiographical history of technology > Randall, Sir John Turton
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14 Domagk, Gerhard Johannes Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 30 October 1895 Lagow, Brandenburg, Germanyd. 24 April 1964 Burgberg, Germany[br]German physician, biochemist and pharmacologist, pioneer of antibacterial chemotherapy.[br]Domagk's studies in medicine were interrupted by the outbreak of the First World War and his service in the Army, delaying his qualification at Kiel until 1921. For a short while he worked at the University of Greifswald, but in 1925 he was appointed Reader in Pathology at the University of Munster, where he remained as Extraordinary Professor of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (1928) and Professor (1958).In 1924 he published a paper on the role of the reticulo-endothelial system against infection. This led to his appointment as Director of Research by IG Farbenindustrie in their laboratory for experimental pathology and bacteriology. The planned programme of research into potential antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs led, via the discovery of the dye Prontosil rubrum by his colleagues, to his reporting in 1936 the clinical antistreptococcal effects of the sulphonamide drugs. These results were confirmed in other countries, but owing to problems with the Nazi authorities he was unable to receive until 1947 the Nobel Prize that he was awarded in 1939.Domagk turned his interest to the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, and in 1946 he was able to report the therapeutic activity of the thiosemicarbazones, which, although too toxic for general use, in their turn led to the discovery of the potent and effective isoniazid. In his later years he moved into the field of cancer chemotherapy, but interestingly he wrote, "One should not have too great expectations of the future of cytostatic agents." His only daughter was one of the first patients to have a severe streptococcal infection successfully treated with Prontosil rubrum.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine 1939. Foreign Member of the Royal Society. Paul Ehrlich Gold Medal.Bibliography1935, "Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen", Deutsche med. Woch.1924, Virchows Archiv für Path. Anat. und Physiol. u.f. klin. Med. 253:294–638.Further Reading1964, Biographical Memoirs of the Royal Society: Gerhard Domagk, London.MGBiographical history of technology > Domagk, Gerhard Johannes Paul
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15 весы
balance, crane, scale, weigher, weighing machine* * *весы́ м.
scales, balanceаррети́ровать весы́ — arrest the balanceгоризонти́ровать весы́ — level the balanceразаррети́ровать весы́ — release the balanceуравнове́шивать весы́ — bring to equilibrium, adjust for equilibriumуспока́ивать (колеба́ния) весо́в — dampen the balanceавтомати́ческие весы́ — automatic scales, weightometerавтомати́ческие весы́ непреры́вного де́йствия — continuous weigherавтомати́ческие, порцио́нные весы́ — batch weigherавтомоби́льные весы́ — truck scalesаналити́ческие весы́ — analytical balanceаэродинами́ческие весы́ — aerodynamic [(wind) tunnel] balanceваго́нные весы́ — track scalesга́зовые весы́ — gas balanceгидравли́ческие весы́ — hydraulic scales, hydraulic balanceгидростати́ческие весы́ — hydrostatic balanceвесы́ для гру́бого взве́шивания — gross weigherвесы́ для скота́ — livestock scalesвесы́ для сли́тков — ingot weigherдозиро́вочные весы́ — batching scales, feeder-weigherиндукцио́нные весы́ — induction balanceквадра́нтные весы́ — quadrant scalesковшо́вые весы́ — pan scalesкольцевы́е весы́ — ring balanceконве́йерные весы́ — belt-conveyer weigherкрути́льные весы́ — torsion balanceлаборато́рные весы́ — laboratory balanceмагни́тные весы́ — magnetic balanceмагни́тные, вертика́льные весы́ — vertical field balanceмедици́нские весы́ — medical balanceмикроаналити́ческие весы́ — microchemical [microanalytical] balanceнасто́льные весы́ — bench scales, table balanceвесы́ о́бщего назначе́ния — general-purpose balanceплатфо́рменные весы́ — platform balance, weighbridgeпрецизио́нные весы́ — precision balanceпроби́рные весы́ — assay balanceпружи́нные весы́ — spring balanceрецепта́рные весы́ — prescription balanceрыча́жные весы́ — beam balance, scalesрыча́жные, неравнопле́чие весы́ — beam balance with arms of unequal lengthрыча́жные, однопле́чие весы́ — single-arm beam balanceрыча́жные, равнопле́чие весы́ — equal-arm beam balanceсамопи́шущие весы́ — recording balanceвесы́ с дистанцио́нной переда́чей и регистра́цией показа́ний — remote-indicating balanceвесы́ с дифференциа́льной систе́мой управле́ния — differential scalesвесы́ со счё́тным устро́йством — computing weighing scalesвесы́ с проекцио́нной шкало́й — projection(-indicating) scalesсчё́тные весы́ — totalizing [integrating] scalesтехни́ческие весы́ — counter balanceто́ковые весы́ — current [electric, electrodynamic, Kelvin] balanceторзио́нные весы́ — torsion balanceхи́мико-аналити́ческие весы́ — analytical balanceцепны́е весы́ — chain balanceцифербла́тные весы́ — dial(-indicating) scalesши́хтовые весы́ — charging scalesэлектри́ческие весы́ — electric(al) balanceэлектро́нные весы́ — electronic balance -
16 весы
м. scales, balance
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